The type of plant hormone that controls the cell elongation in plants during phototropism and gravitropism is known as Auxin. Another type of plant growth hormone 'Gibberellin' regulates the seed germination shoot elongation, flower, and fruit maturation. Such important biochemicals that influence plant growth and cell differentiation, tissues, and organs under various conditions are known as Plant hormones. The term was elaborated by the German botanist 'Julius von Sachs' who pointed out … [Read more...]

Carpel and Pistil are the reproductive part of a flower in a plant, and they have a very slight difference between them. As carpel is composed of the stigma, style and ovary, while pistil is the union of the carpels or it can be the single carpel, so we can say that pistil is the fusion of carpels. One can easily distinguish the number of carpels by checking the number of styles. In contrast, the number of pistils can be identified by the presence of the number of ovaries in flower. The … [Read more...]

When the plants are grown with the medium like sand, gravel or water but without soil is known as hydroponics. On the other hands, aquaponics is considered as the subset of the hydroponics, where the plants are grown in water, (without soil), and nutrients are provided from the by-products of fishes. We all are aware of the process known as photosynthesis, where the plants produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose, by using sunlight, water and other chemicals, but there is no … [Read more...]

Liverworts and Mosses are the non-vascular and non-flowering plants that are found in wet and terrestrial environments. Though numerous essential differences lie between them. For instance, Liverwort belongs to the division - 'Marchantiophyta' or often term as'Hepaticophyta', while mosses fall under division - 'Bryophyta'. Secondly, liverworts have thallus or foliose that are green leaf-like arrangement hook-up with the stem, whereas mosses are simple, small and leafy arrangement present … [Read more...]

The initial stage of a grown tree is the plant, so we can say that 'plant may or may not grows into a tree', but vice versa is not true. Among the five-kingdom classification, plants and tree fall into the same kingdom 'Plantae'. This is one of the major kingdoms which includes grass, herbs, shrubs, vines, bushes, mosses, ferns, green algae and trees. Plants and trees are multicellular, eukaryotes. They both have stems, leaves, roots and vascular system for transporting the food and water. If … [Read more...]

The critical and the common distinction between the two types of forests is the in 'Evergreen forests' as the name says the trees do not shed their leaves in any season, until and unless they are old which are soon replaced by the others. On the other hand, 'Deciduous forests' shed their leaves in the dry season to save the water loss. Evergreen Forests are found in the area which receives more than 200 cm of rainfall annually, while Deciduous Forests grow in the area receiving annual … [Read more...]

The two main multi-subunit membrane protein complexes differ in their absorbing wavelength, where the photosystem I or PS 1 absorbs the longer wavelength of light which is 700 nm while photosystem II or PS 2 absorbs the shorter wavelength of light 680 nm. Secondly, each photosystem is replenished by the electrons, after the loss of an electron, but the sources are different where PS II gets it electrons from water while PS I gains electrons from the PS II through an electron transport … [Read more...]

The part of the plant which is present above the surface of the soil is called Stems, while Roots is the part of the plant which is present below the soil surface. Secondly stems arises from the plumule and roots from the radical of the embryo. Most importantly stems possess leaves, but roots do not. A common flowering plant (vascular plants) possess a well-defined root and shoot system. These are an essential part of the plant and bears many morphological and anatomical differences. Though … [Read more...]

Vascular plants or tracheophytes are known for their proper organization of the systems, and bearing flowers, green leaves, stems, roots, woods, and branches, on the contrary, Non-vascular plants or bryophytes do not perfectly fit with these features. Examples of Conifers, Ferns, flowering, and non-flowering plants are examples of vascular plants, while Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts are examples of non-vascular plants. But most importantly the difference lies in the presence of the … [Read more...]