The two types of nitrogenous bases 'Purines and Pyrimidines' differ in their structure. Purine is composed of an organic ring having two nitrogen and four carbon atoms fused with an imidazole ring, whereas pyrimidine structure is similar to that of benzene having two nitrogen and four carbon atoms only. Purines and Pyrimidines are very known as the backbone for the formation of DNA and RNA. These are the aromatic heterocyclic compounds, present in cells and are involved in protein synthesis, … [Read more...]

Glucose and fructose are the simple sugars, with the same molecular formula 'C6H12O6'. Glucose is the aldohexose, while fructose is ketohexoses. Fructose is commercially used as sweeteners in the food and beverages industries. The table sugar or sucrose is made up of fructose and glucose. Usually, our body also absorbs this type and is used to produce energy by the cells. The most preferred source of energy by the researchers is glucose for our body. Likewise, glucose, fructose does not … [Read more...]

Blood is the type of connective tissue found in our body and plays a significant role in transporting various substances to different parts of the body. Lymph is the white colour fluid tissue, made up of white blood cells and lymphocytes and plays a significant role in carrying the white blood cells to and from the bones and lymph nodes. Secondly, Blood plays a leading role in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. At the same time, Lymph is a part of the body's immune system works in defence … [Read more...]

When the chemical bonds unite any atoms (two or more) is known as a molecule. But such type of molecules that consist of different atoms (two or more) of different chemical elements are known as compounds. However, it is a fact that all compounds are molecules, but all molecules are not compounds. So, we can say that any combination of atoms is a molecule, but when the combination of atoms is from different elements, it is known as the compound. Let's take an example to understand in a better … [Read more...]

mRNA has a linear structure having uracil base instead of thymine, and its secondary structure could be hairpin, stem-loop, etc. ; while tRNA has Cloverleaf structure that carries three specific stem-loops; and rRNA has much complex structure with numerous folds and loops. mRNA acts as the messenger of DNA; tRNA carries amino acids during protein synthesis; rRNA is the protein producer of the cell. These three RNA plays a vital role in the process of transcription and further in protein … [Read more...]

Breathing is the biophysical process which involves the inhaling and exhaling of air through lungs, whereas respiration is the biochemical process which involves in generating the energy by breaking down the glucose which is further used by cells in various function. Breathing is distinct from respiration in many ways, though both are essential for living organisms. As discussed above the mechanism of breathing is associated with the respiratory organs like the nose, lungs, etc., while … [Read more...]

The changes in the single base or nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence and thus changing its complementary base also it is called as point mutations, while when there are insertions or deletions of more than one base pair in the nucleotide sequence it is known as frameshift mutations. Mutations can be defined as any kind of change in the nucleotide sequence or genetic code, which altering the gene structure as well as the amino acids and the proteins too. These mutations occur in the DNA … [Read more...]