In a plant, the veins of the leaf blade or lamina exhibiting the parallel pattern from the base to the tip is known as the parallel venation, on the contrary, when the veins of the leaf blade or lamina in the plants exhibit the web like or net-like pattern on both side of the midrib is known as the reticulate venation. In a leaf, the arrangement of veins is called as venation. The venation architecture is enormously distributed among the diverse species of the plants. The venation has its … [Read more...]

Mitochondria are known for generating energy for the cell in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by using nutrients and oxygen. The chloroplast is present in green plants and few algae, they are known as the place, where the process of photosynthesis occurs. In the cell of the eukaryotes, there are only three organelles, which are bounded by the double membrane structure - the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the chloroplast. There is the higher level of diversity on the surface of the … [Read more...]

The main root (primary root) with other minor side roots, which grow deep into the soil is called Taproot. While the fine, thick hairs like structure, that spread sideways in all the directions is called Fibrous or Adventitious root. Taproot arises from the radicle (embryonic part) of the plants, but the Fibrous root grows from the stem and leaves rather from the radicle. Plants bear parts like stem, leaves, fruits, flowers and most importantly roots. Roots are the underground part, which … [Read more...]

Xylem is the complex, dead and permanent tissue responsible for carrying nutrients and water, whereas phloem is the soft and permanent tissue play its role in transporting the food and other organic material produced by the green parts especially leaves by the process of photosynthesis. Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues, present in plants and together constitute vascular bundles. Their function is to efficiently transport the materials which can be food, water, nutrients, … [Read more...]

The assimilation of carbon dioxide from the sunlight, for the process of photosynthesis and then converting it to glucose (energy) synthesizing different product is the key difference between the three. So during the CO2 fixation, when the photosynthetic plants produce 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) or 3- carbon acid as the first product is called C3 pathway. But when the photosynthetic plant, prior going to the C3 pathway, produces oxaloacetic acid (OAA) or 4 -carbon compound as their first … [Read more...]

Pollination is a process of transferring of pollens from one flower to another. While fertilization is the process after the successful transfer of pollination, which involves the fusion of male gametes and female gametes of plants. Both of these are the natural process. But only flowering plants undergo the process of pollination, while fertilization is the common process of almost all living being. Continuation of life would not have been possible without the presence of plants, as directly … [Read more...]

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms are divided on the ground of kind of seeds they bear. Angiosperms are those whose seeds are covered inside the fruit. Gymnosperms seeds are called as naked seeds as they are exposed one. In gymnosperms, seeds are developed on the surface of specialized leaves and they are cone-bearing in nature. While the angiosperms plants contain ovary within the flowers and fruits. Angiosperms are found almost in all kind of habitat, right from the grasslands to forest to the … [Read more...]

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are the examples of bryophytes. These are non-vascular plants i.e. do not contain xylem and phloem tissues. Spikemosses, clubmosses, ferns, quillworts are the examples of pteridophytes. They are termed as vascular plants as they contain xylem and phloem tissues. Generally, the plant can be divided into four parts which are roots, stems, leaf and flowers. On the ground of such information plant kingdom is classified into two categories which are Non-flowering … [Read more...]

Chlorophyll is the food producers of the cell found in green plants, they are present inside the chloroplast. Chlorophyll plays a vital role in turning plants green and healthy. While chloroplast is a unique organelle found in all green plants and is the location of photosynthesis to occur where the green plants can convert sunlight into chemical energy. Chlorophyll is found in the mesophyll cells in green plants leaves. The chloroplast is found in the dense fluid part of the chloroplast. The … [Read more...]